Since the reform and opening up, in the context of high-speed urbanization, many factors have caused a large number of urban problems in Chinese cities, which have increasingly affected the sustainable development of cities. So far, there has not been a systematic and clear understanding of many urban problems, and it has remained at the stage of understanding and preliminary summarisation of characterization problems, but the deep nature of urban problems has not yet been studied. The values of urban development supported by philosophical thinking determine the road of Chinese urban development and are the direct cause of urban problems. To study the essence of urban problems is to study the core value system of urban development. The evaluation of China's urban construction status and concise problems, trying to explore the nature of China's urban construction, is a comprehensive summary of China's urban construction during the 40 years of reform and opening up, helping to find the source of problems, reshaping the values of urban construction, and helping cities achieve sustainable development goals.